[Bello Bashir]

forages, hays, silages, and byproduct feeds. Concentrates are energy-rich grains and molasses, protein- and energy-rich supplements, and vitamin and mineral supplements. Mixed feeds can be high or low in energy, protein, or fiber, or they can provide a balanced ration

[Bello Bashir]

Feeds can be classified into three main types: roughages, concentrates, and mixed feeds. Roughages are high in fiber and include pasture forages, hays, silages, and byproduct feeds.

[Bello Bashir]

Feed rations are classified in several ways, including by type, composition, and purpose

[Md Abdul Bari]

Feed rations are classified based on their composition, nutritional content, and purpose in animal nutrition. Here are the main classifications:

1. Based on Nutritional Content

Maintenance Ration: Provides just enough nutrients to maintain the animal’s basic metabolic functions, body weight, and health without gaining or losing weight.

Production Ration: Includes additional nutrients required for specific productive activities, such as:

Growth Ration: For growing animals to ensure proper weight gain and muscle development.

Lactation Ration: For dairy animals to support milk production.

Reproduction Ration: For breeding animals to ensure fertility and healthy offspring.

Work Ration: For animals used for labor (e.g., draft animals) to meet their higher energy needs.

2. Based on Composition

Concentrate Ration: High in energy and/or protein, low in fiber, and easily digestible. Examples include grains, oilseeds, and by-products like soybean meal or corn.

Roughage Ration: High in fiber and bulk, low in energy. Examples include hay, silage, straw, and pasture grasses.

3. Based on Physical Form

Dry Ration: Composed of dry ingredients like hay, grains, and meal.

Wet (or Moist) Ration: Includes high-moisture feeds such as silage, fresh grass, or root crops.

Total Mixed Ration (TMR): A blend of all feed components (concentrates and roughages) mixed together to ensure balanced nutrition.

4. Based on Digestibility

Balanced Ration: Contains all essential nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals) in the right proportions for a specific purpose.

Unbalanced Ration: Lacks certain nutrients, leading to deficiencies or excesses.

5. Based on Purpose

Starter Ration: Designed for young animals to encourage early growth and development.

Finisher Ration: High-energy feed used to prepare animals for market or slaughter.

Supplemental Ration: Added to correct deficiencies in the main diet.

Medicinal Ration: Includes additives like antibiotics, probiotics, or medications to address health issues

[Md. Osman Sheikh]

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[Md. Osman Sheikh]

Feeds are generally classified into two broad categories, namely concentrates and forages. Concentrates are feeds which are high in energy content.

[Md Abdul Bari]

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[Md. Osman Sheikh]

We can conveniently classify feeds into three main types: (1) roughages, (2) concentrates, and (3) mixed feeds. Roughages include pasture forages, hays, silages, and byproduct feeds that contain a high percentage of fiber.

[Rakesh Jasud]

noted