[Ibrahim]

Some important signs include….

swollen sinuses, dyspnea, swollen face, haemorrhagic traces on the lungs, emaciation, anorexia.

It is also important to take samples to the laboratory to know the actual causal agent so as to know the right route of treatment.

[Amir]

Infected adult chickens may show no outward signs if infection is uncomplicated. However, sticky, serous exudate from nostrils, foamy exudate in eyes, and swollen sinuses can occur, especially in broilers. The air sacs may become infected. Infected birds can develop respiratory rales and sneeze

[Md. Osman Sheikh]

Sticky, serous exudate from nostrils, foamy exudate in eyes, and swollen sinuses.

[Olayiwola]

1. Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp.)

Symptoms: Bloody or watery diarrhea, Ruffled feathers, weakness, and reduced appetite, Pale comb and wattles, Poor weight gain and stunted growth

Prevention: Biosecurity, vaccination, anticoccidial drugs in feed/water and dry litter management.

2. Newcastle Disease (ND) (Paramyxovirus)

Symptoms: Respiratory distress (gasping, coughing, sneezing), Twisted neck (torticollis), paralysis, Drop in feed and water intake, Greenish diarrhea and Sudden death

Prevention: Vaccination (live and killed vaccines), strict biosecurity.

3. Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD / Gumboro) (Birnavirus)

Symptoms: Swollen bursa of Fabricius, Weakness, ruffled feathers, Watery or white diarrhea, High mortality, especially in young birds

Prevention: Vaccination at 10–14 days, strict hygiene.

4. Infectious Bronchitis (IB) (Coronavirus)

Symptoms: Sneezing, gasping, nasal discharge, Watery eyes, swollen sinuses, Reduced feed intake, Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs in layers

Prevention: Vaccination, good ventilation, biosecurity.

5. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) (Influenza A virus)

Symptoms: Sudden high mortality, Swelling of the head, comb, and wattles, Coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, Greenish diarrhea, Nervous signs (tremors, twisted neck)

Prevention: Biosecurity, restricted farm entry, vaccination in endemic areas.

6. Salmonellosis (Pullorum and Fowl Typhoid) (Salmonella spp.)

Symptoms: White pasty diarrhea, Weakness, poor growth, Swollen joints, Sudden death in severe cases

Prevention: Clean hatchery and farm environment, vaccination, antibiotics under vet guidance.

7. Mycoplasmosis (Chronic Respiratory Disease) (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)

Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, Swollen eyes and face, Reduced weight gain and feed conversion, Egg production drop in layers

Prevention: Vaccination, antibiotics, improved ventilation.

8. Fowl Cholera (Pasteurella multocida)

Symptoms: Sudden death in severe cases, Swollen wattles and joints, Green or yellow diarrhea, Respiratory distress

Prevention: Vaccination, biosecurity, proper sanitation.

9. Marek’s Disease (Herpesvirus)

Symptoms: Paralysis of legs and wings, Weight loss, ruffled feathers, Tumors in organs (advanced stage)

Prevention: Vaccination at hatchery, genetic resistance breeding.

10. Necrotic Enteritis (Clostridium perfringens)

Symptoms: Sudden death, Bloody or dark-colored diarrhea, Weakness, depression, Dehydration and reduced feed intake

Prevention: Good litter management, probiotics, antibiotics under veterinary supervision.

[Muhammad Zeeshan Asghar]

@everyone Please