[Bello Bashir]

What a good question!

A new finding can influence brooding by adjusting feed formulation and lighting programs to optimize the chicks’ gut, immune, and skeletal development, which can also improve welfare and performance. This may involve using specific light wavelengths and intensities to stimulate early activity for feed and water intake, as well as establishing a structured lighting schedule with dark periods from day one to promote a healthy stress response, leg health, and growth. Feed formulation should be adjusted to meet the nutritional demands of this new program and to ensure the chicks receive adequate energy and protein for their growth and development.

[Muddasar]

It varies with geographical position and depends on age and purpose, but key vaccines include Marek’s (day 1), ND + IB (5–7 days), IBD (10–14 days), ND Clone (Day 16-18).

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Optimal Water Temperature- Birds prefer water that’s slightly cooler than their body temperature. Drinking cold water helps with heat dissipation and body temperature regulation. High water temperatures can lead to reduced feed intake, while cold water can increase consumption

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Thanks for the insight

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Improved nutrient digestibility, break down complex molecules into simpler nutrients

[Muddasar]

How does water temperature affect feed intake and digestion in birds?

[Muddasar]

Providing clean, warm water with electrolytes, quick feed access, and pre-warmed, well-lit brooders are simple yet highly effective ways to help chicks start feeding and recover energy fast.

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Wood shaving

[Muddasar]

Excellent explanations — early detection and prompt action truly make the biggest difference in minimizing flock losses.

[Muddasar]

Temperature fluctuations can cause chilling or overheating, leading to stress, poor feed intake, weak immunity, and higher early chick mortality.

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Influenced by both high and low temperature stress

[Muddasar]

Exactly they weaken the defense organs .

[Muddasar]

Thanks for sharing.

[Muddasar]

Well explained — mycotoxins severely damage immune organs and reduce vaccine response.

[Elizabeth Aborisade]

Exactly the right points