Soy Excellence Center

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Bello Bashir

Member
October 17, 2025 at 7:30 pm in reply to: Housing Design

Housing designs that support both productivity and welfare focus on a controlled environment with adequate ventilation, temperature, and space, which also minimizes stress and disease. Key features include an east-west orientation to block direct sun, elevated, easy-to-clean floors, and secure perimeter fencing. Enclosed houses with mechanical ventilation are better for maximizing density, while open-sided houses can work in cooler climates or be used with additional cooling systems.
Bello Bashir

Member
October 17, 2025 at 7:29 pm in reply to: Mycotoxins & Immunity

Mycotoxins compromise poultry immunity by suppressing the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and reduced vaccine efficacy. They achieve this by inhibiting protein synthesis, causing damage and cell depletion in immune organs like the bursa, spleen, and thymus, and disrupting the gut microbiome.
Bello Bashir

Member
October 17, 2025 at 7:26 pm in reply to: Coccidiosis early signs

Early signs of coccidiosis in chicks include lethargy, ruffled feathers, reduced appetite, and watery or bloody diarrhea. Other indicators are slow growth, dehydration, weakness, and pale combs. A substantial number of birds must show these signs to suggest an outbreak, as a single affected chick is not enough to diagnose the condition.
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 5:50 pm in reply to: Housing Design

Housing designs that support both productivity and bird welfare focus on comfort, ventilation, and space. Open-sided or environmentally controlled houses help regulate temperature and humidity for consistent growth. Adequate space and stocking density reduce stress and aggression. Proper ventilation and lighting systems maintain air quality and support healthy behavior. Litter management and easy-to-clean flooring improve hygiene and reduce disease risk. Access to perches, nest boxes, and natural light enhances welfare while maintaining good production performance.Housing designs that support both productivity and bird welfare focus on comfort, ventilation, and space.
✅ Open-sided or environmentally controlled houses help regulate temperature and humidity for consistent growth.
✅ Adequate space and stocking density reduce stress and aggression.
✅ Proper ventilation and lighting systems maintain air quality and support healthy behavior.
✅ Litter management and easy-to-clean flooring improve hygiene and reduce disease risk.
✅ Access to perches, nest boxes, and natural light enhances welfare while maintaining good production performance.
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 5:46 pm in reply to: selecting fish species
Selecting the right fish species is crucial for profitable aquaculture. Key factors include:
1. Market demand and price – Choose species that have strong local or export market value.
2. Growth rate and feed efficiency – Fast-growing, feed-efficient species reduce production costs.
3. Environmental suitability – Match species to local water temperature, salinity, and quality.
4. Availability of seed and feed – Reliable supply ensures consistent production.
5. Disease resistance – Hardy species lower mortality and input costs.
6. Production system compatibility – Select species that fit your pond, cage, or RAS setup.
7. Regulatory and sustainability aspects – Ensure compliance and environmental balance.Selecting the right fish species is crucial for profitable aquaculture. Key factors include:
 
 Market demand and price – Choose species that have strong local or export market value.
 
 Growth rate and feed efficiency – Fast-growing, feed-efficient species reduce production costs.
 
 Environmental suitability – Match species to local water temperature, salinity, and quality.
 
 Availability of seed and feed – Reliable supply ensures consistent production.
 
 Disease resistance – Hardy species lower mortality and input costs.
 
 Production system compatibility – Select species that fit your pond, cage, or RAS setup.
 
 Regulatory and sustainability aspects – Ensure compliance and environmental balance.
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 5:44 pm in reply to: manage litter

Effective litter management during brooding is key to chick health and comfort. I make sure the litter is dry, clean, and evenly spread (about 5–8 cm deep). Before placement, I preheat the house to remove moisture and check humidity. Wet spots around drinkers are replaced immediately to prevent ammonia buildup. I also stir or rake the litter daily to keep it loose and aerated, which helps control temperature and reduces pathogen growth. Using good-quality materials like wood shavings or rice husk also makes a big difference.Effective litter management during brooding is key to chick health and comfort. I make sure the litter is dry, clean, and evenly spread (about 5–8 cm deep). Before placement, I preheat the house to remove moisture and check humidity. Wet spots around drinkers are replaced immediately to prevent ammonia buildup. I also stir or rake the litter daily to keep it loose and aerated, which helps control temperature and reduces pathogen growth. Using good-quality materials like wood shavings or rice husk also makes a big difference.
Olayiwola

Member
October 17, 2025 at 5:07 pm in reply to: manage litter

Excellent information
Olayiwola

Member
October 17, 2025 at 5:06 pm in reply to: Poultry

Good question
Olayiwola

Member
October 17, 2025 at 4:52 pm in reply to: selecting fish species

Great, thanks
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 4:19 pm in reply to: HACCP
Under a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system, batching, mixing, and pelleting are key stages where contamination or nutrient imbalance can occur. Critical Control Points (CCPs) typically include:
1. Batching:
 
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2. Ensure accurate ingredient weighing and sequencing.
3. Prevent cross-contamination from previous batches (e.g., medications or mycotoxins).
4. Mixing:
 
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5. Verify uniform distribution of micro-ingredients and additives.
6. Monitor mixer time and speed to achieve homogeneity.
7. Prevent contamination from residues or unclean equipment.
8. Pelleting:
 
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9. Conditioning temperature and retention time are critical to destroy pathogens like Salmonella.
10. Monitor moisture and cooling to prevent mold growth.Under a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system, batching, mixing, and pelleting are key stages where contamination or nutrient imbalance can occur. Critical Control Points (CCPs) typically include:
 
 ⚖️ Batching:
 
 Ensure accurate ingredient weighing and sequencing.
 
 Prevent cross-contamination from previous batches (e.g., medications or mycotoxins).
 
 🔄 Mixing:
 
 Verify uniform distribution of micro-ingredients and additives.
 
 Monitor mixer time and speed to achieve homogeneity.
 
 Prevent contamination from residues or unclean equipment.
 
 🔥 Pelleting:
 
 Conditioning temperature and retention time are critical to destroy pathogens like Salmonella.
 
 Monitor moisture and cooling to prevent mold growth.
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 4:16 pm in reply to: Bedding Choices for Better Flock Health

Each litter material—rice husk, sawdust, and wood shavings—has its own advantages, but the best choice depends on your local conditions and management.

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🌾 Rice husk: Excellent moisture absorption and easy to find in many regions, but may get dusty if too dry.
🌲 Wood shavings: Provide good cushioning and aeration, helping reduce footpad dermatitis; however, they must be clean and free of resin or chemicals.
🌳 Sawdust: Affordable and absorbent but can pack tightly if wet, leading to poor ventilation and ammonia buildup.Each litter material—rice husk, sawdust, and wood shavings—has its own advantages, but the best choice depends on your local conditions and management.

🌾 Rice husk: Excellent moisture absorption and easy to find in many regions, but may get dusty if too dry.

🌲 Wood shavings: Provide good cushioning and aeration, helping reduce footpad dermatitis; however, they must be clean and free of resin or chemicals.

🌳 Sawdust: Affordable and absorbent but can pack tightly if wet, leading to poor ventilation and ammonia buildup.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 4:14 pm in reply to: Poultry

Water is the most abundant component in a chicken’s body, making up about 55–75% of its total body weight, depending on age and body fat.

Chicks: around 75–80% water

Adult birds: about 60–70% water

Eggs: roughly 65% water

Water is vital for digestion, nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and waste removal. Even a short period of water restriction can quickly reduce feed intake, growth, and egg production.Water is the most abundant component in a chicken’s body, making up about 55–75% of its total body weight, depending on age and body fat.

Chicks: around 75–80% water

Adult birds: about 60–70% water

Eggs: roughly 65% water

Water is vital for digestion, nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and waste removal. Even a short period of water restriction can quickly reduce feed intake, growth, and egg production.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 4:09 pm in reply to: Safety in a feed mill

Safety in a feed mill is critical to protect workers, maintain feed quality, and prevent accidents. Key safety standards include:

Machinery Safety: Install guards on moving parts, provide emergency stop buttons, and ensure only trained staff operate equipment.
Dust Control: Maintain proper ventilation and dust collection systems to reduce explosion risk.
Electrical Safety: Regularly inspect wiring and equipment to prevent short circuits or fires.
Fire Prevention: Keep fire extinguishers accessible, ban smoking near raw materials, and store chemicals properly.
Personal Protection: Require helmets, masks, gloves, ear protection, and safety shoes.
Cleanliness & Maintenance: Prevent clutter, remove spills promptly, and schedule routine maintenance.
Training & Emergency Plans: Train workers in safe procedures and have clear evacuation routes and signage.Safety in a feed mill is critical to protect workers, maintain feed quality, and prevent accidents. Key safety standards include:

⚙️ Machinery Safety: Install guards on moving parts, provide emergency stop buttons, and ensure only trained staff operate equipment.

🔥 Dust Control: Maintain proper ventilation and dust collection systems to reduce explosion risk.

⚡ Electrical Safety: Regularly inspect wiring and equipment to prevent short circuits or fires.

🧯 Fire Prevention: Keep fire extinguishers accessible, ban smoking near raw materials, and store chemicals properly.

🧤 Personal Protection: Require helmets, masks, gloves, ear protection, and safety shoes.

🧹 Cleanliness & Maintenance: Prevent clutter, remove spills promptly, and schedule routine maintenance.

📋 Training & Emergency Plans: Train workers in safe procedures and have clear evacuation routes and signage.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 3:56 pm in reply to: Feed mill

Good feed mill management ensures consistent feed quality, safety, and efficiency. Key guidelines include:

Design & Layout: Maintain a clean, well-ventilated, and organized facility with clear workflow from raw material intake to finished feed.
Raw Material Quality: Test ingredients for moisture, aflatoxin, and nutrient content before use.
Accurate Formulation & Mixing: Follow precise feed formulations and ensure uniform mixing to avoid nutrient imbalance.
Pelleting & Cooling: Maintain proper temperature and moisture for pellet durability.
Hygiene & Biosecurity: Clean regularly to prevent contamination and pest infestation.
Record Keeping: Track production batches, formulations, and quality checks for traceability.
Safety Measures: Train workers on machinery operation and personal protection.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 3:53 pm in reply to: Member request

aagree

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Ayatullahi

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