Soy Excellence Center

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Abiodun Arewa

Member
October 17, 2025 at 3:47 pm in reply to: Proper vaccination

As an Animal Scientist, being familiar with the necessary vaccination and medication schedule for your birds is very important. If followed strictly along with a properly monitored biosecurity will definitely keep your flock healthy.
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 3:46 pm in reply to: Formulation & analysis

Feed formulation and analysis are essential to ensure that poultry receive the right balance of nutrients for their age and production stage.

Feed formulation helps create a diet that meets nutrient requirements at the lowest possible cost, using available ingredients.

Feed analysis verifies the nutrient content and quality of those ingredients and the finished feed, ensuring accuracy and consistency.Feed formulation and analysis are essential to ensure that poultry receive the right balance of nutrients for their age and production stage.

Feed formulation helps create a diet that meets nutrient requirements at the lowest possible cost, using available ingredients.

Feed analysis verifies the nutrient content and quality of those ingredients and the finished feed, ensuring accuracy and consistency.
Dr Shabir

Member
October 17, 2025 at 3:37 pm in reply to: Proper vaccination

proper vaccination is to follow the relevant region vaccination schedule,

to follow the instructions given by manufacturer to administer,

and general vaccine precautions like at cold time of the day, fresh vaccine preparation and administer with in an hour maximum, use of vaccine stabilisers, in drinking use of fresh simple water etc
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 3:35 pm in reply to: Poultry

Nutrition is the process by which birds obtain and utilize the nutrients in feed for growth, maintenance, reproduction, and production (like eggs or meat).

A balanced diet means the feed contains all essential nutrients—proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water—in the right proportions and quantities to meet the bird’s needs without excess or deficiency.

Good nutrition ensures optimal health, strong immunity, and efficient feed conversion, leading to better productivity and profitabilityNutrition is the process by which birds obtain and utilize the nutrients in feed for growth, maintenance, reproduction, and production (like eggs or meat).

A balanced diet means the feed contains all essential nutrients—proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water—in the right proportions and quantities to meet the bird’s needs without excess or deficiency.

Good nutrition ensures optimal health, strong immunity, and efficient feed conversion, leading to better productivity and profitability
Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member
October 17, 2025 at 3:27 pm in reply to: Proper vaccination

A proper vaccination program for chickens depends on the type of production (broilers, layers, or breeders) and the disease challenges in your area, but a general schedule includes:

Day 1–7:

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Marek’s disease (at hatchery)
Newcastle + Infectious Bronchitis (spray or eye drop)

2–3 weeks:

Gumboro (IBD) vaccine

4–5 weeks:

Newcastle booster
Fowl pox (wing stab)

8–10 weeks (for layers/breeders):

Infectious Coryza or Avian Encephalomyelitis (if common locally)

Always use clean equipment, fresh vaccines, and proper storage (2–8°C). Follow manufacturer instructions and give birds vitamins/electrolytes after vaccination to reduce stress.A proper vaccination program for chickens depends on the type of production (broilers, layers, or breeders) and the disease challenges in your area, but a general schedule includes: Day 1–7:

Marek’s disease (at hatchery)

Newcastle + Infectious Bronchitis (spray or eye drop) 2–3 weeks:

Gumboro (IBD) vaccine 4–5 weeks:

Newcastle booster

Fowl pox (wing stab) 8–10 weeks (for layers/breeders):

Infectious Coryza or Avian Encephalomyelitis (if common locally) Always use clean equipment, fresh vaccines, and proper storage (2–8°C). Follow manufacturer instructions and give birds vitamins/electrolytes after vaccination to reduce stress.

Abu

Member

October 17, 2025 at 3:04 pm in reply to: Proper vaccination

Proper vaccinations of birds depends on the type (broilers/layers) we have Lasota (which is vaccinations against Newcastle diseases) which is given at interval but first 7-9days from day old and Gumboro (infectious bursal disease) which is given around 2-3 weeks… they are other vaccines like mareks, fowl pox and the rest. Best is to consult a veterinarian for proper schedule and guide

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:48 pm in reply to: Pelletizing

Pellet length usually depends on the diameter of the die and the species being fed, but as a general rule, pellet length should be about 1.5 to 2 times the pellet diameter.

For example:

Fish feed pellets (2–4 mm diameter): length around 3–8 mm

Poultry feed pellets (3–4 mm diameter): length around 5–8 mm

Cattle feed pellets (6–8 mm diameter): length around 10–16 mm

Uniform pellet size improves feed intake, reduces wastage, and ensures proper digestion. Keeping knives on the pellet mill well-adjusted helps maintain consistent length.Pellet length usually depends on the diameter of the die and the species being fed, but as a general rule, pellet length should be about 1.5 to 2 times the pellet diameter.

For example:

Fish feed pellets (2–4 mm diameter): length around 3–8 mm

Poultry feed pellets (3–4 mm diameter): length around 5–8 mm

Cattle feed pellets (6–8 mm diameter): length around 10–16 mm

Uniform pellet size improves feed intake, reduces wastage, and ensures proper digestion. Keeping knives on the pellet mill well-adjusted helps maintain consistent length.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:47 pm in reply to: Managing Post-Vaccination Stress

To minimize post-vaccination stress, make sure the birds are well-hydrated and calm before and after vaccination. Provide vitamins (especially Vitamin C and electrolytes) in drinking water for 2–3 days to boost recovery.

Avoid handling birds roughly, maintain optimal temperature and ventilation, and reduce unnecessary noise or movement in the house. Also, ensure feed and clean water are always available, and avoid giving other stressors (like feed changes or transport) right after vaccination.To minimize post-vaccination stress, make sure the birds are well-hydrated and calm before and after vaccination. Provide vitamins (especially Vitamin C and electrolytes) in drinking water for 2–3 days to boost recovery.

Avoid handling birds roughly, maintain optimal temperature and ventilation, and reduce unnecessary noise or movement in the house. Also, ensure feed and clean water are always available, and avoid giving other stressors (like feed changes or transport) right after vaccination.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:45 pm in reply to: Coccidiosis early signs

Early signs of coccidiosis in chicks include reduced feed intake, slow growth, ruffled feathers, drooping wings, and dull or depressed behavior. You may also notice bloody or watery droppings, especially in the later stages.

Chicks often huddle near heat sources due to weakness and may show pale combs and wattles from blood loss. Early detection and prompt treatment with anticoccidial medication or ionophores, along with good litter management and hygiene, are key to preventing outbreaks.Early signs of coccidiosis in chicks include reduced feed intake, slow growth, ruffled feathers, drooping wings, and dull or depressed behavior. You may also notice bloody or watery droppings, especially in the later stages.

Chicks often huddle near heat sources due to weakness and may show pale combs and wattles from blood loss. Early detection and prompt treatment with anticoccidial medication or ionophores, along with good litter management and hygiene, are key to preventing outbreaks.

Muhammad Ahmad

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:40 pm in reply to: Proper vaccination

Good

Muhammad Ahmad

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:39 pm in reply to: Poultry

Supportive and symptomatic treatment

Muhammad Ahmad

Member

October 17, 2025 at 2:38 pm in reply to: Managing Post-Vaccination Stress

The single best tip to minimize bird stress and maximize vaccine effectiveness is to provide immediate, enhanced supportive care through the drinking water, specifically a stress pack containing electrolytes and vitamins.

This addresses the two main sources of post-vaccination stress: the physical handling (if applicable) and the physiological challenge of the immune response.

1. The “Golden Hour” of Recovery

Immediately following vaccination, a bird’s immune system is highly active, which requires extra energy and nutrients. The best way to support this is to:

* Provide an Electrolyte/Vitamin Stress Pack: Offer a water-soluble supplement that includes electrolytes (to restore fluid balance and combat dehydration from reduced water intake) and high-level B-vitamins and Vitamin C (to support metabolism, energy production, and the immune response).

* Offer Fresh, Clean Water: Ensure the water system is fully flushed of any vaccine residue and replenished with clean, appealing water, ideally with the stress pack already mixed in.

2. Control the Environment

A secondary tip that is nearly as important is ensuring the bird’s environment is optimal, allowing them to dedicate energy to their immune response rather than fighting environmental stressors.

* Maintain Thermal Comfort: Ensure the house temperature is stable and within the bird’s comfort zone, especially avoiding excessive heat or cold, as temperature stress is a major immunosuppressant.

* Restore Calm: If the birds were handled (e.g., for injection), return them to their pens quickly and dim the lights for a period to encourage them to settle down, begin drinking, and rest.

* Ensure Ventilation: Maintain good air quality to prevent respiratory stress, which is particularly important if a respiratory (spray or water-based) vaccine was used.The single best tip to minimize bird stress and maximize vaccine effectiveness is to provide immediate, enhanced supportive care through the drinking water, specifically a stress pack containing electrolytes and vitamins.
This addresses the two main sources of post-vaccination stress: the physical handling (if applicable) and the physiological challenge of the immune response.
1. The “Golden Hour” of Recovery
Immediately following vaccination, a bird’s immune system is highly active, which requires extra energy and nutrients. The best way to support this is to:
* Provide an Electrolyte/Vitamin Stress Pack: Offer a water-soluble supplement that includes electrolytes (to restore fluid balance and combat dehydration from reduced water intake) and high-level B-vitamins and Vitamin C (to support metabolism, energy production, and the immune response).
* Offer Fresh, Clean Water: Ensure the water system is fully flushed of any vaccine residue and replenished with clean, appealing water, ideally with the stress pack already mixed in.
2. Control the Environment
A secondary tip that is nearly as important is ensuring the bird’s environment is optimal, allowing them to dedicate energy to their immune response rather than fighting environmental stressors.
* Maintain Thermal Comfort: Ensure the house temperature is stable and within the bird’s comfort zone, especially avoiding excessive heat or cold, as temperature stress is a major immunosuppressant.
* Restore Calm: If the birds were handled (e.g., for injection), return them to their pens quickly and dim the lights for a period to encourage them to settle down, begin drinking, and rest.
* Ensure Ventilation: Maintain good air quality to prevent respiratory stress, which is particularly important if a respiratory (spray or water-based) vaccine was used.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 1:16 pm in reply to: Mycotoxin Control Check Points

Moisture Control:

Keep moisture content of raw materials below 12–13%.

Regularly monitor humidity inside silos or godowns.

Proper Aeration & Ventilation:

Ensure good airflow to prevent condensation and heat buildup.

Use aeration fans or vents during humid periods.

Temperature Management:

Store materials in cool, dry conditions (below 30°C if possible).

Avoid direct sunlight and heat exposure.

Regular Inspection:

Check regularly for mold growth, hot spots, or insect activity.

Rotate stock — follow the FIFO (First In, First Out) system.

Cleanliness & Sanitation:

Clean silos and floors before new storage.

Remove dust, old residues, and spilled feed — they harbor fungi.

Use of Antifungal Agents or Mold Inhibitors:

Apply organic acids (like propionic acid) to grains or meals.

Proper Packaging and Sealing:

Ensure bags are dry, sealed, and stacked on pallets, not directly on floors or walls.Moisture Control:

Keep moisture content of raw materials below 12–13%.

Regularly monitor humidity inside silos or godowns.

Proper Aeration & Ventilation:

Ensure good airflow to prevent condensation and heat buildup.

Use aeration fans or vents during humid periods.

Temperature Management:

Store materials in cool, dry conditions (below 30°C if possible).

Avoid direct sunlight and heat exposure.

Regular Inspection:

Check regularly for mold growth, hot spots, or insect activity.

Rotate stock — follow the FIFO (First In, First Out) system.

Cleanliness & Sanitation:

Clean silos and floors before new storage.

Remove dust, old residues, and spilled feed — they harbor fungi.

Use of Antifungal Agents or Mold Inhibitors:

Apply organic acids (like propionic acid) to grains or meals.

Proper Packaging and Sealing:

Ensure bags are dry, sealed, and stacked on pallets, not directly on floors or walls.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 1:13 pm in reply to: Soybean Value Chain

ANF stands for Anti-Nutritional Factors. In the context of the soybean value chain, ANFs are natural compounds in soybeans that reduce nutrient availability or interfere with digestion and growth in animals or humans.

Examples of ANFs in soybeans include:

Trypsin inhibitors – interfere with protein digestion.

Phytic acid – binds minerals like zinc and calcium, reducing absorption.

Lectins – can damage intestinal lining.

Saponins – may cause bitterness or reduce feed intake.

Solution: Most ANFs are reduced or eliminated through heat treatment, fermentation, or processing, making soybean meal safe and highly nutritious for feed and food use.ANF stands for Anti-Nutritional Factors.
In the context of the soybean value chain, ANFs are natural compounds in soybeans that reduce nutrient availability or interfere with digestion and growth in animals or humans.

Examples of ANFs in soybeans include:

Trypsin inhibitors – interfere with protein digestion.

Phytic acid – binds minerals like zinc and calcium, reducing absorption.

Lectins – can damage intestinal lining.

Saponins – may cause bitterness or reduce feed intake.

Solution: Most ANFs are reduced or eliminated through heat treatment, fermentation, or processing, making soybean meal safe and highly nutritious for feed and food use.

Mohamed Hamada Nasser

Member

October 17, 2025 at 12:32 pm in reply to: Stocking density

Higher stocking density usually leads to increased competition for feed and space, which can reduce growth rates and worsen feed conversion. Maintaining optimal density helps ensure better welfare, feed efficiency, and overall performance.Higher stocking density usually leads to increased competition for feed and space, which can reduce growth rates and worsen feed conversion. Maintaining optimal density helps ensure better welfare, feed efficiency, and overall performance.

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Ayatullahi

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