Member Dr. Gajanan
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Biosecurity is a series of management steps, practices, protocols, and actions implemented for the prevention of 1) introduction of new infectious agents into the bird flock, and 2) control the spread of infectious agents already present within the bird flock. The healthier we can keep animals the more productive they will be. Biosecurity is important for the welfare of animals, the sustainability of animal agriculture, and the economic return of raising animals for human consumption. The best approach to any biosecurity practice is to think about five basic questions to get the conversation and brainstorming going.
1) What disease agent we want to avoid?
2) What is the most likely source of contamination?
3) How can the disease agent enter the farm?
4) What prophylactic and therapeutic options we have available?
5) What steps will be taken when a flock of birds contracts the disease?
Obtaining answers for these questions will make us think about implementable practices and procedures to reduce the risk of an infectious agent entering our flock of birds.
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The main causes for mortality can be categorized into disease, dehydration, starvation, and environmental factors. Probably the main cause of mortality is the presence of some infectious process, disease, or malady. Mortality by dehydration can be particularly important during the early days post-hatch as well as during elevated temperatures. Starvation can also be cause by diseases or maladies that may prevent the bird from adequately reaching the feeder as well as improper feed space per bird, high stocking density and other reasons. Finally, environmental factors can include events such as heat stress, accumulation of noxious gases like ammonia, and others.
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Additionally, if the body heat generated by poultry is not properly dissipated out of the house, then it can accumulate and contribute to heat stress in animals with negative performance consequences.
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The nutrients needed by birds are water, amino acids, some fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Energy is a characteristic of certain nutrients (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates) that allow birds to perform metabolic reaction and “work” to stay alive, grow, or exhibit other productive traits such as reproduction. There are no nutritional requirements for carbohydrates and protein. Birds required amino acids, not protein. Further, it has been proved that carbohydrate-free diets can be fed to all animals without any negative metabolic consequences. Therefore, there are no carbohydrate requirements and there are no carbohydrate deficiencies.
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A complete and balance feed that contains all the nutrients that the hen needs according to sustain its egg productive capacity in a determined amount of daily feed intake. The nutrient needs are published by breeders and can also be found in other published nutritional resources including the Poultry NRC, Brazilian tables, FEDNA tables, CVB tables, and others.
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Nutrition is the science that studies nourishing of the body and the biological function of nutrients and other dietary substances in relation to the maintenance, growth, reproduction, health, disease, and other biological processes of an organism. Nutrition also studies the digestive and metabolic processes by which an organism takes in and assimilates food for maintenance, which is the basic metabolism to sustain life, as well as productive purposes like growth, reproduction, milk or egg production, work, wool or hair production, and more. Assimilate means to change the food into a form that can be taken up or absorb by the body and made a part of the tissues, which directly deals with digestive physiology processes.
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If the poultry house is equipped with artificial lighting, then evening and night feeding could be used during the coolest hours of the day. During the hot hours of the day, make sure that birds have plenty of air movement and cooled water to drink. The ideal temperature of the drinking water is between 10 and 15oC and for sure below 24oC during the hot hours of the day. Drinking water temperature at or above 35oC will likely results in reduced water intake or refusal to drink. If birds are not drinking water they will not consume feed.
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The very purpose of selecting some initial basic steps is to build a strong foundation for any future process. Just like a building needs a solid base, every project or idea requires careful selection of simple starting points. These initial basics guide the direction, reduce mistakes, and make it easier to achieve long-term goals. Without choosing the right basics at the beginning, even the most advanced plans may collapse. Therefore, focusing on the initial basics is not just a choice, but a necessity for success.
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true
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Respiratory and enteric diseases
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Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) may protect against lactic acidosis but can negatively impact growth. How is this true. Provide me with the detailed information please
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Anti-nutritional factor
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Great question
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Nice one
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great
