Member Dr. Gajanan
MemberForum Replies Created
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A key part of the control of processing of soybean products is periodic sampling and testing of raw, in-process, and finished products to determine compliance to specifications or need for corrective action. Companies in many segments of industry are participating in a movement that stresses continuous improvement of the quality of products and services in order to be more competitive. The movement has been given various names, such as Total Quality Management or the Continuous Improvement Process.
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To ensure the health and welfare of birds, a multifaceted approach is essential, encompassing <mark>biosecurity measures, proper nutrition, disease prevention, and environmental management</mark>
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ear tagging, tattooing, branding, ear notching, leg/wing bands, and RFID chips
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Necrosis in poultry, particularly necrotic enteritis (NE), is primarily caused by the <mark>overgrowth of the bacteria Clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract</mark>. This overgrowth leads to severe damage to the intestinal lining, impacting nutrient absorption and potentially causing high mortality rates.
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Delayed onset of egg production in broiler breeder hens can stem from several factors, including <mark>inadequate nutrition, improper lighting, disease, stress, and age-related issues</mark>
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During summer, poultry farmers should focus on <mark>managing heat stress through proper ventilation, providing ample fresh water, and adjusting feeding and housing strategies</mark>
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Yes, feed can be cut in poultry production.
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Mycoplasmosis, and certain bacterial infections like chlamydiosis
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Biosecurity challenges in poultry breeding farms include <mark>disease transmission from wild birds, contaminated feed and water, and inadequate biosecurity measures</mark>.
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Delayed onset of egg production in broiler breeder hens can result from a variety of factors—genetic, environmental, nutritional, and management-related. Since broiler breeders are genetically selected for both meat yield and reproductive efficiency, getting the balance right is crucial.
1. Inadequate Body Weight or Improper Body Condition:
Undersized pullets at sexual maturity (due to poor growth or poor feed intake) may delay onset.
Overweight birds may also have delayed or suppressed laying due to excessive fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal area, interfering with ovary function.
Uniformity is key: if the flock is not uniform, some birds may mature later than others.
What to check:
Growth curve adherence
Body weight targets at 20–22 weeks
Flock uniformity (CV should be <10%)
2. Poor Lighting Management:
Light is the main environmental trigger for sexual maturity.
Mistimed photostimulation (e.g. too early, too late, or too weak) can significantly delay lay.
What to watch for:
Birds should be photostimulated only when they’ve reached the target body weight and condition (~20–21 weeks).
Inadequate light intensity (should be ≥40 lux) or poor light distribution.
Incorrect light duration increase (should jump from ~8 hours to 14–16 hours).
3. Nutritional Deficiencies:
Suboptimal protein, energy, calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D levels can impair reproductive development.
Lack of pre-lay diets or improper transition from grower to pre-lay to layer rations can slow sexual maturity.
What to check:
Diet formulation (particularly protein:energy ratio and calcium)
Feed transitions timed to development milestones
4. Genetic Factors:
Broiler breeders are a compromise between broiler and layer genetics.
Some strains may mature later than others depending on genetic line and breeding program.
5. Environmental Stress:
Temperature extremes (especially chronic heat stress) can delay maturity.
Poor ventilation, overcrowding, noise, or handling stress during rearing or transition can inhibit reproductive development.
6. Disease and Health Issues:
Subclinical infections (like Mycoplasma, Infectious Bronchitis, IBDV, or E. coli) can impair ovarian development.
Internal parasites or other chronic stressors may also contribute.
What to check:
Health monitoring and vaccination history
Necropsy of non-laying birds if needed
7. Improper Male-to-Female Ratio or Male Aggression:
While less directly related to onset of lay, an imbalance in the flock can lead to stress or disruption that affects egg production timing.
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Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella pullorum, primarily affects young poultry (especially chicks) and is highly contagious. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment that guarantees complete elimination of the bacteria from infected birds, especially in a flock setting.
Why Treatment Is Not Recommended:
Salmonella pullorum can persist in carrier birds even after symptoms resolve.
Treated birds may appear healthy but can still spread the disease.
Because of this, eradication programs prioritize culling infected birds rather than treating them.
Control and Management Strategies:
1. Testing and Culling:
Blood testing (plate agglutination) identifies carriers.
Positive birds are culled to stop the spread.
This is standard in many countries with national eradication programs.
2. Biosecurity:
Strict biosecurity measures prevent introduction and spread.
Limit flock access.
Disinfect housing, equipment, and transport crates.
Prevent contact with wild birds or other flocks.
3. Hatchery Control:
Use only Pullorum-free breeding stock.
Eggs and chicks should come from NPIP (National Poultry Improvement Plan)-certified flocks (or your country’s equivalent).
Fumigation or disinfectant dips may be used on eggs.
4. Antibiotics (Limited Use):
Antibiotics like furazolidone, gentamicin, or sulfonamides have historically been used.
BUT:
They do not eliminate the carrier state.
Risk of antibiotic resistance and masking symptoms.
Not approved for routine use in many countries.
Often prohibited under poultry health regulations.
Symptoms to Watch For in Chicks:
White pasty diarrhea (“pasted vent”)
Lethargy
Poor growth
Huddling or labored breathing
High mortality in chicks under 2 weeks
Best Course of Action:
Test and cull infected birds.
Clean and disinfect facilities thoroughly.
Restock only with Pullorum-free birds.
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Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella Pullorum, is best managed <mark>through prevention and control rather than treatment</mark>. While antibiotics like amoxycillin, potentiated sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones can be used, they are not recommended for breeder flocks and do not eliminate the carrier state. The most effective approach is to obtain birds from NPIP-certified hatcheries, implement strict biosecurity, and cull infected flocks.
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Excellent, thanks for sharing
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Using historical and real- time data trends, such as temperature, vibration, lubrication levels, and machine speed, predictive models generate insights that feed mill managers can use to assess machinery health and make well-timed maintenance decisions.
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new castle
Chlamydiosis
