Member Nahid
MemberForum Replies Created
-
Nice question
-
Thanks
-
sure. sickness due to deficiency and toxicity will be eliminated. also required for good growth and FCR.
-
Yes, it is possible for fodder.
-
Thank you
-
Great points. will consider these points during the design.
-
Thanks for sharing. Duly Noted.
-
Organic acids lower gut pH, suppress harmful bacteria & promote beneficial microflora for better poultry gut health.
-
What’s your best tip to control Salmonella in breeders?
-
Fowl pox vaccine is usually given <strong data-start=”34″ data-end=”63″>once at 8–10 weeks of age using the <strong data-start=”74″ data-end=”93″>wing-web method in broiler breeders.
-
Can balanced feed reduce sickness in poultry?
-
Balanced nutrition strengthens immunity by supporting antibody production and gut health — especially through adequate vitamins (A, E, C), trace minerals (Zn, Se), and quality protein.
-
Great points, Gundu — using local resources efficiently and focusing on hardy breeds truly makes small-scale farming more sustainable.
-
<b data-start=”526″ data-end=”559″><strong data-start=”531″ data-end=”559″>1. Nutritional Imbalance
<ul data-start=”560″ data-end=”892″>
<strong data-start=”562″ data-end=”587″>Calcium & Phosphorus: Ensure the correct ratio (Ca:P ≈ 10:1). Use coarse <strong data-start=”639″ data-end=”668″>limestone or oyster shell to sustain calcium release during the night when the shell forms.
<strong data-start=”739″ data-end=”764″>Vitamin D₃ deficiency impairs calcium absorption and shell deposition.
<strong data-start=”818″ data-end=”853″>Trace minerals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Se) are vital for shell matrix strength.
<em data-start=”896″ data-end=”907″>Solution: Use a <strong data-start=”914″ data-end=”930″>layer premix with proper mineral bioavailability; check particle size of calcium sources.
<hr data-start=”1011″ data-end=”1014″>
<b data-start=”1016″ data-end=”1064″><strong data-start=”1021″ data-end=”1064″>2. Physiological & Environmental Stress
<ul data-start=”1065″ data-end=”1248″><strong data-start=”1067″ data-end=”1082″>Heat stress reduces feed intake → less calcium consumed → thinner shells.
<strong data-start=”1149″ data-end=”1188″>Sudden light changes or loud noises trigger stress hormones, disturbing shell gland function.
<em data-start=”1252″ data-end=”1263″>Solution: Maintain stable lighting, proper ventilation, and consistent feeding schedule.
<hr data-start=”1346″ data-end=”1349″>
<b data-start=”1351″ data-end=”1386″><strong data-start=”1356″ data-end=”1386″>3. Disease & Health Issues
<ul data-start=”1387″ data-end=”1543″>Diseases affecting the <strong data-start=”1412″ data-end=”1438″>oviduct or shell gland (like Infectious Bronchitis or Egg Drop Syndrome) can lead to chalky, misshapen, or soft-shelled eggs.
<em data-start=”1547″ data-end=”1558″>Solution: Follow a strict <strong data-start=”1575″ data-end=”1598″>vaccination program and monitor flock for early respiratory or reproductive symptoms.
<hr data-start=”1668″ data-end=”1671″>
<b data-start=”1673″ data-end=”1697″><strong data-start=”1678″ data-end=”1697″>4. Aging Flocks
<ul data-start=”1698″ data-end=”1778″>As hens age, calcium metabolism efficiency declines, leading to more cracks.
<em data-start=”1782″ data-end=”1793″>Solution: Increase <strong data-start=”1803″ data-end=”1832″>dietary calcium by 0.5–1% and supplement vitamin D₃ for older layers.
<hr data-start=”1880″ data-end=”1883″>
<b data-start=”1885″ data-end=”1918″><strong data-start=”1890″ data-end=”1918″>5. Management & Handling
<ul data-start=”1919″ data-end=”2000″>Even good shells can crack if eggs are dropped or roll too fast on conveyors.
-
<b data-start=”165″ data-end=”231″><strong data-start=”172″ data-end=”231″>In Ovo vs. Spray Vaccination: Ensuring Uniform Immunity
Great observation, Muhammad.<br data-start=”261″ data-end=”264″> While both <strong data-start=”275″ data-end=”285″>in-ovo and <strong data-start=”290″ data-end=”299″>spray vaccinations share the same immunological goal — stimulating early, uniform immune response — they differ sharply in <strong data-start=”417″ data-end=”490″>delivery precision, biological variability, and environmental control.
Below is a concise comparison highlighting <strong data-start=”538″ data-end=”575″>the main challenges and solutions
<hr data-start=”582″ data-end=”585″>
<b data-start=”587″ data-end=”626″> <strong data-start=”594″ data-end=”626″>1. Accuracy of Dose Delivery
<ul data-start=”627″ data-end=”1093″><strong data-start=”629″ data-end=”640″>In Ovo:
<ul data-start=”645″ data-end=”872″>
Delivers a <strong data-start=”658″ data-end=”710″>precise, controlled volume (usually 0.05–0.1 mL) directly into the amniotic cavity or embryo, using automated injectors.
Ensures each embryo receives the full dose — <strong data-start=”834″ data-end=”858″>very high uniformity (≈ 98–99%).
<strong data-start=”875″ data-end=”885″>Spray:
<ul data-start=”890″ data-end=”1093″>
Relies on <strong data-start=”902″ data-end=”968″>aerosol droplet size, distribution pattern, and chick behavior.
Uneven exposure occurs when droplet size varies, nozzle pressure fluctuates, or chicks crowd away from spray zones.
<em data-start=”1097″ data-end=”1108″>Solution: Calibrate spray nozzles regularly, ensure proper droplet size (80–120 μm for coccidiosis vaccines), and evenly distribute chicks in trays.
<hr data-start=”1251″ data-end=”1254″>
<b data-start=”1256″ data-end=”1307″> <strong data-start=”1263″ data-end=”1307″>2. Biological Uptake and Immune Response
<ul data-start=”1308″ data-end=”1616″><strong data-start=”1310″ data-end=”1321″>In Ovo: Vaccine contacts embryonic immune tissues before hatch — leading to <strong data-start=”1390″ data-end=”1421″>earlier antigen recognition and strong, systemic response post-hatch.
<strong data-start=”1468″ data-end=”1478″>Spray: Depends on <strong data-start=”1490″ data-end=”1510″>mucosal exposure (respiratory or oral route). Some chicks may not receive enough vaccine droplets on feathers or mucosa.
<em data-start=”1620″ data-end=”1631″>Solution: Maintain good <strong data-start=”1646″ data-end=”1684″>chick activity and humidity (≥50%) during spray application — droplets must stay viable and adhere to down feathers.
<hr data-start=”1770″ data-end=”1773″>
<b data-start=”1775″ data-end=”1806″> <strong data-start=”1782″ data-end=”1806″>3. Vaccine Viability
<ul data-start=”1807″ data-end=”2104″><strong data-start=”1809″ data-end=”1820″>In Ovo: Closed, sterile system — minimal contamination risk; vaccine kept cold and protected until injection.
<strong data-start=”1927″ data-end=”1937″>Spray: Vaccine exposed to <strong data-start=”1957″ data-end=”2009″>ambient air, light, and temperature fluctuations, which can reduce live organism viability (especially for <em data-start=”2068″ data-end=”2077″>E. coli and <em data-start=”2082″ data-end=”2091″>Eimeria vaccines).
<em data-start=”2108″ data-end=”2119″>Solution: Mix vaccines with <strong data-start=”2138″ data-end=”2204″>stabilizers (e.g., skim milk or commercial stabilizing agents), maintain cool spray temperature (≤25°C), and use within 2 hours of reconstitution.
<hr data-start=”2292″ data-end=”2295″>
<b data-start=”2297″ data-end=”2346″> <strong data-start=”2304″ data-end=”2346″>4. Hatchery and Chick Handling Factors
<ul data-start=”2347″ data-end=”2581″><strong data-start=”2349″ data-end=”2360″>In Ovo: Performed automatically at 18–19 days of incubation → no direct chick handling, reduces stress.
<strong data-start=”2461″ data-end=”2471″>Spray: Applied post-hatch in chick boxes → handling stress, crowding, and uneven exposure if not properly managed.
<em data-start=”2585″ data-end=”2596″>Solution: Spray evenly across chick boxes; avoid excessive stacking; use blue dye to visually confirm coverage.
<hr data-start=”2702″ data-end=”2705″>
<b data-start=”2707″ data-end=”2748″> <strong data-start=”2714″ data-end=”2748″>5. Monitoring and Verification
<ul data-start=”2749″ data-end=”2999″><strong data-start=”2751″ data-end=”2762″>In Ovo: Easy to track via machine calibration and hatchery data (vaccine volume, number of eggs injected).
<strong data-start=”2866″ data-end=”2876″>Spray: Verification requires <strong data-start=”2899″ data-end=”2935″>sampling chicks post-application and checking droplet distribution or dye staining uniformity.
<em data-start=”3003″ data-end=”3014″>Solution: Perform <strong data-start=”3023″ data-end=”3042″>coverage audits — random sampling of chicks from different trays to confirm uniform staining and vaccine take.
<hr data-start=”3141″ data-end=”3144″>
