[Dr.S.Sridhar]

Canola and rapeseed meals are constrained by several anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) that affect digestibility, palatability, and safety. The most critical ANFs include glucosinolates (e.g., progoitrin, gluconapin), which hydrolyze into goitrin and other toxic metabolites that impair thyroid function and reduce feed intake. Sinapine and tannins reduce palatability and protein digestibility, with sinapine causing fishy taint in brown-egg layers. Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) binds minerals like phosphorus and zinc, requiring phytase supplementation. High fiber content from arabinoxylans and pectins limits energy digestibility in monogastrics unless enzymes are used.

A specific concern in rapeseed is erucic acid (cis-13-docosenoic acid), a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid linked to myocardial lipidosis and growth depression in young animals. While modern canola cultivars contain <2% erucic acid, traditional rapeseed may exceed safe thresholds, necessitating strict quality control.

To mitigate these risks, use low-glucosinolate canola meal, limit inclusion rates (typically <10% in poultry), apply enzyme blends (phytase, xylanase), and blend with higher-quality protein sources like soybean meal. Always verify cultivar and processing quality to ensure safety and nutritional efficacy.

[Md Abdul Bari]

To provide a balanced diet, you should include ingredients that supply all essential nutrients — energy, protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water — in the right proportions.

[Md Abdul Bari]

Thanks

[Md Abdul Bari]

Excellent

[Md Abdul Bari]

Good

[Md Abdul Bari]

Grit is small, hard particles of rock, shells, or granite that poultry consume to help them digest food because they lack teeth. The grit is stored in the gizzard and acts as grinding stones, crushing food into a paste for better nutrient absorption. There are two main types of grit: insoluble grit (like flint or granite) for grinding, and soluble grit (like oyster shells) to provide calcium for strong bones and eggshells

[Md Abdul Bari]

To control rodents and insects on a farm, use an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, which combines prevention, sanitation, and physical methods like trapping and exclusion, followed by biological and chemical control as last resorts.

[Md Abdul Bari]

The risks of psychological brooding (rumination) include increased depression and anxiety, impaired problem-solving, negative thought patterns, elevated stress and cardiovascular disease risk, and increased risk for alcohol and eating disorders. Brooding involves getting stuck in negative thought cycles about sad or dark issues, creating a vicious loop that intensifies emotional distress.

[Md Abdul Bari]

Control measures for adverse weather include weather monitoring, worker training on risks and procedures, securing work sites and equipment, providing shelter and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), adjusting work schedules, and having emergency plans in place. Eliminating exposure by working indoors or postponing outdoor tasks is the best control.

[Md Abdul Bari]

Noted

[Md Abdul Bari]

Thanks

[Md Abdul Bari]

2 to 2.2 kg

[Arbindra Shrestha]

great

[Arbindra Shrestha]

nice

[Arbindra Shrestha]

nice one