[Muhammad Ahmad]

The best strategy for preventing respiratory issues in broilers during winter focuses on balanced ventilation and litter management to control air quality, while maintaining comfortable temperatures.<div>Here is a brief, prioritized strategy:</div><div>1. Controlled Minimum Ventilation (The Critical Step)</div><div> * The Goal: Exchange air to remove moisture, ammonia, and \text{CO}_2 without causing chilling drafts.</div><div> * Technique: Use small, timed, high-velocity fans (minimum ventilation fans) that draw in a limited amount of cold air.</div><div> * Air Mixing: Direct the cold incoming air along the ceiling so it mixes with the warm air layer before dropping to bird level, preventing a cold draft on the broilers.</div><div> * House Tightness: Ensure the house is well-sealed and insulated to create negative pressure, allowing you to control exactly where the fresh air enters (via controlled inlets, not random cracks).</div><div>2. Ammonia and Moisture Control</div><div> * Ammonia Monitoring: Routinely monitor ammonia levels (should be kept below \text{25 ppm}). High ammonia damages the broilers’ delicate respiratory cilia, making them susceptible to disease.</div><div> * Litter Management: Maintain dry, deep litter. Wet litter is the primary source of ammonia and a breeding ground for pathogens. Stirring or “caking out” wet spots is essential.</div><div> * Water System Maintenance: Prevent leaks from drinker lines, as wet litter under the drinkers drastically increases moisture and ammonia production.</div><div>3. Temperature & Humidity Balance</div><div> * Consistent Temperature: Maintain the set-point temperature (typically \text{20}^\circ\text{C} to \text{24}^\circ\text{C} for older broilers) to avoid cold stress, which weakens immunity.</div><div> * Humidity: Target a relative humidity between \text{50}% and \text{70}%. If humidity is too high (condensation on walls), increase the minimum ventilation rate.</div><div>4. Biosecurity and Supplements</div><div> * Biosecurity: Maintain strict hygiene to prevent the introduction of respiratory pathogens (e.g., Infectious Bronchitis or Mycoplasma).</div><div> * Support: Use specific vitamin and mineral supplements (like Vitamin C or herbal tonics) proactively to support the respiratory system and boost immunity against cold stress.</div>

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Improving the beneficial gut microbiome in poultry involves a multi-faceted approach focusing on diet, environment, and targeted supplementation.<div>The key steps are:</div><div>1. Dietary Interventions 🐔</div><div>Use of Prebiotics: Feed non-digestible ingredients (like Fructans, Mannans, or Oligosaccharides) that stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria) already in the gut. </div><div>Use of Probiotics: Directly supplement the feed or water with live beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bacillus spores, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to quickly establish a healthy microbial balance and inhibit pathogens.</div><div>Inclusion of Synbiotics: Combine prebiotics and probiotics to achieve a synergistic effect, maximizing the survival and activity of the beneficial bacteria. </div><div>Use of Organic Acids: Add short-chain fatty acids (e.g., formic, propionic, and butyric acid) to feed. These lower the \text{pH} in the gut, which suppresses harmful bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli while favoring beneficial ones. </div><div>2. Management & Environment</div><div>Optimal Brooding and Housing: Maintain clean, dry litter and stable temperature/humidity to reduce environmental stress and the proliferation of pathogens. </div><div>Water Quality: Ensure access to clean, potable water, as water is a major vector for microbial contamination. </div><div>Minimize Stress: Avoid sudden changes in diet, temperature fluctuations, and overcrowding, as stress negatively impacts gut immunity and microbial balance.</div><div>3. Health & Hygiene</div><div>Strict Biosecurity: Implement rigorous hygiene protocols to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogenic bacteria that can disrupt the natural flora.</div><div>Reduced/Eliminated Antibiotics: Limit the use of prophylactic antibiotics, which can indiscriminately kill beneficial bacteria along with harmful ones. Alternative growth promoters are preferred.</div>

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Thanks

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Well

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Thanks

[Muhammad Ahmad]

A commercial feed mill is a complex facility with various integrated systems designed to process raw agricultural materials into balanced animal feed. The main components and stages are:

Core Processing Equipment (Machinery)

* Grinding (Size Reduction):

* Hammer Mills: Used to reduce the size of ingredients (like grains) to a fine meal for better mixing and digestibility.

* Roller Mills: Used to create coarser, more uniform particles, often preferred for certain animal feeds.

* Mixing:

* **Mixers (Paddle/Ribbon/Twin-shaft): Essential for uniformly blending all the different ingredients (ground grains, protein meals, minerals, vitamins, liquid fats, etc.) according to a specific nutritional formula.

* Pelleting (If making pellets):

* Conditioner: Uses steam to add heat and moisture to the mixed mash, which prepares it for pelleting.

* Pellet Mill: Forces the conditioned mash through a die (metal plate with holes) using rollers to form dense, uniform pellets.

* Post-Pelleting:

* Cooler: Reduces the temperature and moisture of the hot, soft pellets to increase their hardness and storage life.

* Crumbler: Breaks down larger pellets into smaller, crumbled form for young animals (like chicks).

* Screen/Sifter: Separates the finished pellets/crumbs from any fines (small broken particles).

Supporting Systems (Operation Stages)

* Receiving & Storage:

* Receiving Pit/Hopper: Where raw ingredients (grains, meals) arrive via truck or rail.

* Silos & Bins: Large storage for bulk ingredients.

* Cleaning Equipment: Separates impurities like stones, metal, and debris using screens and magnets.

* Conveying & Handling:

* Bucket Elevators, Screw/Chain Conveyors, and Augers: Used to move the materials between the different stages and machines in the mill.

* Batching & Proportioning:

* Batching Bins/Silos: Hold the measured amounts of various ingredients.

* Weigh Scales (Weigh Hoppers): Precisely weigh major, minor, and micro-ingredients to match the nutritionist’s formula.

* Packaging/Loadout:

* Bagging Machine: Packages the finished feed into bags for retail.

* Bulk Loadout System: Loads large quantities of feed directly into delivery trucks.

* Control & Automation:

* Process Control System (Computer/PLC): Automates and monitors all stages, ensuring precise measurement, mixing time, and quality control.A commercial feed mill is a complex facility with various integrated systems designed to process raw agricultural materials into balanced animal feed. The main components and stages are:
Core Processing Equipment (Machinery)
* Grinding (Size Reduction):
* Hammer Mills: Used to reduce the size of ingredients (like grains) to a fine meal for better mixing and digestibility.
* Roller Mills: Used to create coarser, more uniform particles, often preferred for certain animal feeds.
* Mixing:
* **Mixers (Paddle/Ribbon/Twin-shaft): Essential for uniformly blending all the different ingredients (ground grains, protein meals, minerals, vitamins, liquid fats, etc.) according to a specific nutritional formula.
* Pelleting (If making pellets):
* Conditioner: Uses steam to add heat and moisture to the mixed mash, which prepares it for pelleting.
* Pellet Mill: Forces the conditioned mash through a die (metal plate with holes) using rollers to form dense, uniform pellets.
* Post-Pelleting:
* Cooler: Reduces the temperature and moisture of the hot, soft pellets to increase their hardness and storage life.
* Crumbler: Breaks down larger pellets into smaller, crumbled form for young animals (like chicks).
* Screen/Sifter: Separates the finished pellets/crumbs from any fines (small broken particles).
Supporting Systems (Operation Stages)
* Receiving & Storage:
* Receiving Pit/Hopper: Where raw ingredients (grains, meals) arrive via truck or rail.
* Silos & Bins: Large storage for bulk ingredients.
* Cleaning Equipment: Separates impurities like stones, metal, and debris using screens and magnets.
* Conveying & Handling:
* Bucket Elevators, Screw/Chain Conveyors, and Augers: Used to move the materials between the different stages and machines in the mill.
* Batching & Proportioning:
* Batching Bins/Silos: Hold the measured amounts of various ingredients.
* Weigh Scales (Weigh Hoppers): Precisely weigh major, minor, and micro-ingredients to match the nutritionist’s formula.
* Packaging/Loadout:
* Bagging Machine: Packages the finished feed into bags for retail.
* Bulk Loadout System: Loads large quantities of feed directly into delivery trucks.
* Control & Automation:
* Process Control System (Computer/PLC): Automates and monitors all stages, ensuring precise measurement, mixing time, and quality control.

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Good

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Anything added to milk is adulteration

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Good knowledge shared

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Empty or Partially Filled Crop

Cardiovascular System Auricular Dilation (especially Right Atrium). The atria may be dilated and filled with dark, unclotted blood. Contracted Ventricles (less consistent). Reflects cardiac failure and circulatory shutdown (likely cardiac arrest as the final cause of death).

Visceral Congestion Severe Congestion of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys. The entire carcass may show intense, generalised congestion. A major physiological effect of cold is peripheral vasoconstriction to conserve heat, leading to central organ congestion.

Lungs Pulmonary Congestion and Edema (Swollen, heavy lungs). Consistent with acute cardiac failure and the redistribution of blood volume to the central organs.

Fat Reserves Absence of Epicardial and/or Perirenal Fat (especially in young birds). The bird has rapidly utilized energy reserves (fat) in a desperate attempt to generate heat (non-shivering thermogenesis).

Gastrointestinal Tract Often non-specific or slightly empty, reflecting the bird’s systemic distress preventing normal eating and digestion.

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Thanks Dr Malathi

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Fresh water

Electrolytes

Maximum ventilation

Feed in cool times

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Thanks

[Dr Shabir]

having detail knowledge and consideration of available quality ingredients at low rates at required quantity

[Dr Shabir]

-feed restriction,

– fresh 18-21C temperature plenty water,

-proper ventilation,

-fogging,

reduce activity in the house,

-use of vit C, sodium bicarbonates, electrlytes in water,

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