[Muhammad Ahmad]

Waste Management: How can small to medium-sized dairy farms effectively manage waste and reduce their environmental impact.

[Muhammad Ahmad]

1. Novel Soy Ingredients: Has anyone successfully incorporated soy protein isolate (SPI) or hydrolyzed soy protein into a non-traditional application (e.g., fermented product, clear beverage) with significant functional or sensory improvements?Novel Soy Ingredients:

[Muhammad Ahmad]

We know in practice that chicks often don’t get fed immediately after hatching because of transportation from the hatchery. What kind of negative effects do you think that delay might be causing that we don’t immediately see?

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Digital traceability tools are now central to <strong data-start=”131″ data-end=”175″>quality control and inventory efficiency in modern feed mills. Beyond compliance, many use them to <strong data-start=”234″ data-end=”288″>track raw materials from supplier to finished feed, ensuring ingredient quality and quick recall when needed. Integration with sensors and ERP systems enables <strong data-start=”397″ data-end=”465″>real-time monitoring of production, stock levels, and batch data, reducing errors and waste. Overall, digital traceability improves <strong data-start=”533″ data-end=”583″>transparency, consistency, and decision-making across the entire supply chain.Digital traceability tools are now central to quality control and inventory efficiency in modern feed mills. Beyond compliance, many use them to track raw materials from supplier to finished feed, ensuring ingredient quality and quick recall when needed. Integration with sensors and ERP systems enables real-time monitoring of production, stock levels, and batch data, reducing errors and waste. Overall, digital traceability improves transparency, consistency, and decision-making across the entire supply chain.

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Agree

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Professor Applegate calls the first days a “critical window” where nutrition directly impacts long-term performance. How does this finding influence how you manage your brooding period, from feed formulation to lighting programs?

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Excellent point

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

<strong data-start=”147″ data-end=”170″>) Ideal DO level:<br data-start=”170″ data-end=”173″> For fish and shrimp culture, the ideal dissolved oxygen level is <strong data-start=”238″ data-end=”254″>above 5 mg/L. Levels below 3 mg/L start stressing animals, and below 2 mg/L can cause mortality.

<strong data-start=”342″ data-end=”380″>(2) DO fluctuation during the day:<br data-start=”380″ data-end=”383″> DO increases during the day due to <strong data-start=”418″ data-end=”436″>photosynthesis and drops at night when respiration continues but photosynthesis stops.

<strong data-start=”512″ data-end=”542″>(3) Main causes of low DO:

<ul data-start=”545″ data-end=”688″>

[Muhammad Ahmad]

Copper (Cu) toxicity in broiler chickens is generally observed at levels of 250 \text{ mg/kg} of feed and above when provided as a supplement (e.g., cupric sulfate).

​Key points regarding copper toxicity in broilers:

• ​250 \text{ mg/kg}: This level is often cited as a cautionary point, as it has been shown to have negative effects on bird performance, such as depressed growth, reduced feed intake, and impaired feed efficiency, especially during the starter period. It can also cause gross lesions like oral lesions and gizzard erosion.

• ​300 \text{ mg/kg}: Intake levels higher than this are generally related to subclinical or clinical toxicity.

• ​500 \text{ mg/kg}: This level is consistently reported to significantly depress growth and feed conversion, cause severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion, and damage the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., depressed villi height).
• ​Acute Poisoning: A single, very high dose of copper sulfate (CuSO$_4$) greater than 1 \text{ g} can be fatal.

​Toxicity symptoms can include:

• ​Depressed growth and feed intake

• ​Poor feed conversion ratio (FCR)

• ​Severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion

• ​Damaged gastrointestinal tract morphology
• ​Accumulation of copper in the liver
• ​Watery diarrhea and listlessness (in acute cases)Copper (Cu) toxicity in broiler chickens is generally observed at levels of 250 \text{ mg/kg} of feed and above when provided as a supplement (e.g., cupric sulfate).
  ​Key points regarding copper toxicity in broilers:
  ​250 \text{ mg/kg}: This level is often cited as a cautionary point, as it has been shown to have negative effects on bird performance, such as depressed growth, reduced feed intake, and impaired feed efficiency, especially during the starter period. It can also cause gross lesions like oral lesions and gizzard erosion.
  ​300 \text{ mg/kg}: Intake levels higher than this are generally related to subclinical or clinical toxicity.
  ​500 \text{ mg/kg}: This level is consistently reported to significantly depress growth and feed conversion, cause severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion, and damage the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., depressed villi height).
  ​Acute Poisoning: A single, very high dose of copper sulfate (CuSO$_4$) greater than 1 \text{ g} can be fatal.
  ​Toxicity symptoms can include:
  ​Depressed growth and feed intake
  ​Poor feed conversion ratio (FCR)
  ​Severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion
  ​Damaged gastrointestinal tract morphology
  ​Accumulation of copper in the liver
  ​Watery diarrhea and listlessness (in acute cases)

[Muhammad Ahmad]

For those who might not have access to high-tech solutions like in-ovo feeding, what are some effective, low-cost strategies we can implement at the farm level to get nutrients into chicks as quickly as possible after they arrive?

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Mycotoxins have a <strong data-start=”18″ data-end=”49″>significant negative impact on poultry immunity, weakening both the <strong data-start=”90″ data-end=”100″>innate and <strong data-start=”105″ data-end=”117″>adaptive immune systems. Here’s how they affect immunity in birds:

1. <strong data-start=”182″ data-end=”210″>Damage to immune organs:

   <ul data-start=”216″ data-end=”459″>

2. Mycotoxins such as <em data-start=”237″ data-end=”251″>aflatoxin B1 cause <strong data-start=”258″ data-end=”269″>atrophy (shrinkage) of the <strong data-start=”289″ data-end=”331″>thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen, which are key organs for immune cell production.

3. This reduces the number and function of lymphocytes (T and B cells).

4. <strong data-start=”464″ data-end=”499″>Suppressed antibody production:

   <ul data-start=”505″ data-end=”710″>

5. Birds exposed to mycotoxins produce <strong data-start=”543″ data-end=”563″>fewer antibodies in response to vaccines (like NDV or IBD vaccines).

6. This leads to <strong data-start=”637″ data-end=”664″>poor vaccine protection and increased susceptibility to infections.

7. <strong data-start=”715″ data-end=”747″>Reduced phagocytic activity:

   <ul data-start=”753″ data-end=”894″>

8. Mycotoxins impair <strong data-start=”773″ data-end=”804″>macrophages and heterophils, the first line of defense cells, making birds less able to destroy invading pathogens.

9. <strong data-start=”899″ data-end=”937″>Oxidative stress and inflammation:

   <ul data-start=”943″ data-end=”1093″>

10. Mycotoxins increase <strong data-start=”965″ data-end=”998″>reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage and chronic inflammation that further suppress immune function.

11. <strong data-start=”1098″ data-end=”1135″>Increased disease susceptibility:

    <ul data-start=”1141″ data-end=”1263″>

12. Birds become more prone to <strong data-start=”1170″ data-end=”1216″>viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections such as coccidiosis, salmonellosis, and NDV.Mycotoxins have a significant negative impact on poultry immunity, weakening both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here’s how they affect immunity in birds:

    Damage to immune organs:

    Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 cause atrophy (shrinkage) of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen, which are key organs for immune cell production.

    This reduces the number and function of lymphocytes (T and B cells).

    Suppressed antibody production:

    Birds exposed to mycotoxins produce fewer antibodies in response to vaccines (like NDV or IBD vaccines).

    This leads to poor vaccine protection and increased susceptibility to infections.

    Reduced phagocytic activity:

    Mycotoxins impair macrophages and heterophils, the first line of defense cells, making birds less able to destroy invading pathogens.

    Oxidative stress and inflammation:

    Mycotoxins increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage and chronic inflammation that further suppress immune function.

    Increased disease susceptibility:

    Birds become more prone to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections such as coccidiosis, salmonellosis, and NDV.

[Muhammad Ahmad]

1. Traceability and Digitalization: “Beyond basic regulatory requirements, what are the most valuable ways members are using digital traceability tools to enhance quality control and inventory management within the mill?”

[Muhammad Ahmad]

1. Preventative Maintenance Tech: “What predictive or preventative maintenance technologies (e.g., vibration analysis, thermal imaging) are members finding most effective for reducing unexpected downtime in their pellet mills or mixers?”

[Muhammad Ahmad]

1. Energy Use in Milling: “With rising energy costs, what are the most effective, practical methods the community is using to reduce the energy consumption (kWh/ton) in the actual grinding and pelleting phases of feed milling?