[Joseph]

I want to believe the activities of fish in water reduce the DO.

Also as fish eat there is an amount of DO used up in the process so this also reduces the level of DO.

[Joseph]

Factors to consider are

1. Can the species adapt to the environment I want to culture them?

2. Availability of seed

3. Market demand in the environment

4. Growth rate and nutritional requirements

[Bello Bashir]

maintain equipment efficiency and prevent breakdowns, implement a strategy of preventive maintenance through scheduled cleaning, lubrication, and inspections, while also training operators on correct use and establishing procedures for reporting faults. Corrective maintenance is the reactive approach to fix problems as they occur, but proactive steps like using quality parts, maintaining detailed records, and implementing modern technologies like maintenance software are essential for long-term

[Bello Bashir]

Pls your message is not clear

[Bello Bashir]

High stocking density negatively impacts growth and feed conversion by increasing stress, which leads to a higher energy requirement for survival and a reduction in energy available for growth. This stress response can also disrupt nutrient digestion, immune function, and water quality, further hindering growth and leading to a worse feed conversion ratio (FCR

[Bello Bashir]

Housing designs that support both productivity and welfare focus on a controlled environment with adequate ventilation, temperature, and space, which also minimizes stress and disease. Key features include an east-west orientation to block direct sun, elevated, easy-to-clean floors, and secure perimeter fencing. Enclosed houses with mechanical ventilation are better for maximizing density, while open-sided houses can work in cooler climates or be used with additional cooling systems.

[Bello Bashir]

Mycotoxins compromise poultry immunity by suppressing the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and reduced vaccine efficacy. They achieve this by inhibiting protein synthesis, causing damage and cell depletion in immune organs like the bursa, spleen, and thymus, and disrupting the gut microbiome.

[Bello Bashir]

Early signs of coccidiosis in chicks include lethargy, ruffled feathers, reduced appetite, and watery or bloody diarrhea. Other indicators are slow growth, dehydration, weakness, and pale combs. A substantial number of birds must show these signs to suggest an outbreak, as a single affected chick is not enough to diagnose the condition.

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Housing designs that support both <strong data-start=”96″ data-end=”129″>productivity and bird welfare focus on comfort, ventilation, and space.<br data-start=”171″ data-end=”174″><strong data-start=”176″ data-end=”227″>Open-sided or environmentally controlled houses help regulate temperature and humidity for consistent growth.<br data-start=”289″ data-end=”292″><strong data-start=”294″ data-end=”333″>Adequate space and stocking density reduce stress and aggression.<br data-start=”363″ data-end=”366″><strong data-start=”368″ data-end=”411″>Proper ventilation and lighting systems maintain air quality and support healthy behavior.<br data-start=”462″ data-end=”465″><strong data-start=”467″ data-end=”515″>Litter management and easy-to-clean flooring improve hygiene and reduce disease risk.<br data-start=”556″ data-end=”559″><strong data-start=”561″ data-end=”613″>Access to perches, nest boxes, and natural light enhances welfare while maintaining good production performance.Housing designs that support both productivity and bird welfare focus on comfort, ventilation, and space.
✅ Open-sided or environmentally controlled houses help regulate temperature and humidity for consistent growth.
✅ Adequate space and stocking density reduce stress and aggression.
✅ Proper ventilation and lighting systems maintain air quality and support healthy behavior.
✅ Litter management and easy-to-clean flooring improve hygiene and reduce disease risk.
✅ Access to perches, nest boxes, and natural light enhances welfare while maintaining good production performance.

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Selecting the right fish species is crucial for profitable aquaculture. Key factors include:

1. <strong data-start=”158″ data-end=”185″>Market demand and price – Choose species that have strong local or export market value.

2. <strong data-start=”255″ data-end=”290″>Growth rate and feed efficiency – Fast-growing, feed-efficient species reduce production costs.

3. <strong data-start=”360″ data-end=”389″>Environmental suitability – Match species to local water temperature, salinity, and quality.

4. <strong data-start=”462″ data-end=”495″>Availability of seed and feed – Reliable supply ensures consistent production.

5. <strong data-start=”550″ data-end=”572″>Disease resistance – Hardy species lower mortality and input costs.

6. <strong data-start=”627″ data-end=”662″>Production system compatibility – Select species that fit your pond, cage, or RAS setup.

7. <strong data-start=”725″ data-end=”766″>Regulatory and sustainability aspects – Ensure compliance and environmental balance.Selecting the right fish species is crucial for profitable aquaculture. Key factors include:

   Market demand and price – Choose species that have strong local or export market value.

   Growth rate and feed efficiency – Fast-growing, feed-efficient species reduce production costs.

   Environmental suitability – Match species to local water temperature, salinity, and quality.

   Availability of seed and feed – Reliable supply ensures consistent production.

   Disease resistance – Hardy species lower mortality and input costs.

   Production system compatibility – Select species that fit your pond, cage, or RAS setup.

   Regulatory and sustainability aspects – Ensure compliance and environmental balance.

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Effective litter management during brooding is key to chick health and comfort. I make sure the litter is <strong data-start=”168″ data-end=”201″>dry, clean, and evenly spread (about 5–8 cm deep). Before placement, I <strong data-start=”243″ data-end=”264″>preheat the house to remove moisture and check humidity. Wet spots around drinkers are <strong data-start=”334″ data-end=”358″>replaced immediately to prevent ammonia buildup. I also <strong data-start=”394″ data-end=”427″>stir or rake the litter daily to keep it loose and aerated, which helps control temperature and reduces pathogen growth. Using good-quality materials like <strong data-start=”553″ data-end=”583″>wood shavings or rice husk also makes a big difference.Effective litter management during brooding is key to chick health and comfort. I make sure the litter is dry, clean, and evenly spread (about 5–8 cm deep). Before placement, I preheat the house to remove moisture and check humidity. Wet spots around drinkers are replaced immediately to prevent ammonia buildup. I also stir or rake the litter daily to keep it loose and aerated, which helps control temperature and reduces pathogen growth. Using good-quality materials like wood shavings or rice husk also makes a big difference.

[Olayiwola]

Excellent information

[Olayiwola]

Good question

[Olayiwola]

Great, thanks

[Mohamed Hamada Nasser]

Under a <strong data-start=”85″ data-end=”140″>HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system, batching, mixing, and pelleting are key stages where contamination or nutrient imbalance can occur. Critical Control Points (CCPs) typically include:

1. <strong data-start=”308″ data-end=”321″>Batching:

   <ul data-start=”327″ data-end=”474″>

2. Ensure accurate ingredient weighing and sequencing.

3. Prevent cross-contamination from previous batches (e.g., medications or mycotoxins).

4. <strong data-start=”482″ data-end=”493″>Mixing:

   <ul data-start=”499″ data-end=”691″>

5. Verify uniform distribution of micro-ingredients and additives.

6. Monitor mixer time and speed to achieve homogeneity.

7. Prevent contamination from residues or unclean equipment.

8. <strong data-start=”699″ data-end=”713″>Pelleting:

   <ul data-start=”719″ data-end=”891″>

9. <strong data-start=”721″ data-end=”749″>Conditioning temperature and <strong data-start=”754″ data-end=”772″>retention time are critical to destroy pathogens like <em data-start=”812″ data-end=”824″>Salmonella.

10. Monitor <strong data-start=”841″ data-end=”865″>moisture and cooling to prevent mold growth.Under a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system, batching, mixing, and pelleting are key stages where contamination or nutrient imbalance can occur. Critical Control Points (CCPs) typically include:

    ⚖️ Batching:

    Ensure accurate ingredient weighing and sequencing.

    Prevent cross-contamination from previous batches (e.g., medications or mycotoxins).

    🔄 Mixing:

    Verify uniform distribution of micro-ingredients and additives.

    Monitor mixer time and speed to achieve homogeneity.

    Prevent contamination from residues or unclean equipment.

    🔥 Pelleting:

    Conditioning temperature and retention time are critical to destroy pathogens like Salmonella.

    Monitor moisture and cooling to prevent mold growth.