Member Lina Paola Pardo Quevedo
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Well
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Thanks
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A commercial feed mill is a complex facility with various integrated systems designed to process raw agricultural materials into balanced animal feed. The main components and stages are:
Core Processing Equipment (Machinery)
* Grinding (Size Reduction):
* Hammer Mills: Used to reduce the size of ingredients (like grains) to a fine meal for better mixing and digestibility.
* Roller Mills: Used to create coarser, more uniform particles, often preferred for certain animal feeds.
* Mixing:
* **Mixers (Paddle/Ribbon/Twin-shaft): Essential for uniformly blending all the different ingredients (ground grains, protein meals, minerals, vitamins, liquid fats, etc.) according to a specific nutritional formula.
* Pelleting (If making pellets):
* Conditioner: Uses steam to add heat and moisture to the mixed mash, which prepares it for pelleting.
* Pellet Mill: Forces the conditioned mash through a die (metal plate with holes) using rollers to form dense, uniform pellets.
* Post-Pelleting:
* Cooler: Reduces the temperature and moisture of the hot, soft pellets to increase their hardness and storage life.
* Crumbler: Breaks down larger pellets into smaller, crumbled form for young animals (like chicks).
* Screen/Sifter: Separates the finished pellets/crumbs from any fines (small broken particles).
Supporting Systems (Operation Stages)
* Receiving & Storage:
* Receiving Pit/Hopper: Where raw ingredients (grains, meals) arrive via truck or rail.
* Silos & Bins: Large storage for bulk ingredients.
* Cleaning Equipment: Separates impurities like stones, metal, and debris using screens and magnets.
* Conveying & Handling:
* Bucket Elevators, Screw/Chain Conveyors, and Augers: Used to move the materials between the different stages and machines in the mill.
* Batching & Proportioning:
* Batching Bins/Silos: Hold the measured amounts of various ingredients.
* Weigh Scales (Weigh Hoppers): Precisely weigh major, minor, and micro-ingredients to match the nutritionist’s formula.
* Packaging/Loadout:
* Bagging Machine: Packages the finished feed into bags for retail.
* Bulk Loadout System: Loads large quantities of feed directly into delivery trucks.
* Control & Automation:
* Process Control System (Computer/PLC): Automates and monitors all stages, ensuring precise measurement, mixing time, and quality control.A commercial feed mill is a complex facility with various integrated systems designed to process raw agricultural materials into balanced animal feed. The main components and stages are:
Core Processing Equipment (Machinery)
* Grinding (Size Reduction):
* Hammer Mills: Used to reduce the size of ingredients (like grains) to a fine meal for better mixing and digestibility.
* Roller Mills: Used to create coarser, more uniform particles, often preferred for certain animal feeds.
* Mixing:
* **Mixers (Paddle/Ribbon/Twin-shaft): Essential for uniformly blending all the different ingredients (ground grains, protein meals, minerals, vitamins, liquid fats, etc.) according to a specific nutritional formula.
* Pelleting (If making pellets):
* Conditioner: Uses steam to add heat and moisture to the mixed mash, which prepares it for pelleting.
* Pellet Mill: Forces the conditioned mash through a die (metal plate with holes) using rollers to form dense, uniform pellets.
* Post-Pelleting:
* Cooler: Reduces the temperature and moisture of the hot, soft pellets to increase their hardness and storage life.
* Crumbler: Breaks down larger pellets into smaller, crumbled form for young animals (like chicks).
* Screen/Sifter: Separates the finished pellets/crumbs from any fines (small broken particles).
Supporting Systems (Operation Stages)
* Receiving & Storage:
* Receiving Pit/Hopper: Where raw ingredients (grains, meals) arrive via truck or rail.
* Silos & Bins: Large storage for bulk ingredients.
* Cleaning Equipment: Separates impurities like stones, metal, and debris using screens and magnets.
* Conveying & Handling:
* Bucket Elevators, Screw/Chain Conveyors, and Augers: Used to move the materials between the different stages and machines in the mill.
* Batching & Proportioning:
* Batching Bins/Silos: Hold the measured amounts of various ingredients.
* Weigh Scales (Weigh Hoppers): Precisely weigh major, minor, and micro-ingredients to match the nutritionist’s formula.
* Packaging/Loadout:
* Bagging Machine: Packages the finished feed into bags for retail.
* Bulk Loadout System: Loads large quantities of feed directly into delivery trucks.
* Control & Automation:
* Process Control System (Computer/PLC): Automates and monitors all stages, ensuring precise measurement, mixing time, and quality control. -
Good
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Anything added to milk is adulteration
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Good knowledge shared
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Empty or Partially Filled Crop
Cardiovascular System Auricular Dilation (especially Right Atrium). The atria may be dilated and filled with dark, unclotted blood. Contracted Ventricles (less consistent). Reflects cardiac failure and circulatory shutdown (likely cardiac arrest as the final cause of death).
Visceral Congestion Severe Congestion of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys. The entire carcass may show intense, generalised congestion. A major physiological effect of cold is peripheral vasoconstriction to conserve heat, leading to central organ congestion.
Lungs Pulmonary Congestion and Edema (Swollen, heavy lungs). Consistent with acute cardiac failure and the redistribution of blood volume to the central organs.
Fat Reserves Absence of Epicardial and/or Perirenal Fat (especially in young birds). The bird has rapidly utilized energy reserves (fat) in a desperate attempt to generate heat (non-shivering thermogenesis).
Gastrointestinal Tract Often non-specific or slightly empty, reflecting the bird’s systemic distress preventing normal eating and digestion.
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Thanks Dr Malathi
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Fresh water
Electrolytes
Maximum ventilation
Feed in cool times
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Thanks
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having detail knowledge and consideration of available quality ingredients at low rates at required quantity
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-feed restriction,
– fresh 18-21C temperature plenty water,
-proper ventilation,
-fogging,
reduce activity in the house,
-use of vit C, sodium bicarbonates, electrlytes in water,
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good question and a wonderful response
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this is helpful
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how can be diagnosed the death of bird due to cold stress by post mortem?
