[Hamza]

Water is life

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[Bello Bashir]

WATER

Water is often overlooked, but it is one of the most important nutrients. An animal can live without food longer than it can live without water. In a laying flock, a shortage of water for just a few hours can result in reduced egg production, so clean water should be available at all times. If you do not use automatic waterers, fill the drinkers twice a day. If the drinkers are filled only in the morning, birds can run out of <g data-gr-id=”10″>water</g> by midday. A laying hen drinks about 25% of her daily water intake during the last two hours of daylight.

Water plays an important role in the body of an animal. Water softens feed and carries it through the digestive tract. As a component of blood (90% of blood content), water carries nutrients from the digestive tract to cells and carries away waste products. Water also helps cool the bird through evaporation. (Birds do not have sweat glands, so their heat loss occurs in the air sacs and lungs through rapid respiration.)

A baby chick is composed of about 80% water. Even though this percentage decreases as a bird gets older, the need for water remains. There is no precise quantity requirement for water because there are several factors that affect the amount of water a bird needs: age, body condition, diet, temperature, water quality, and humidity. As a rule of thumb, poultry consume twice as much water asWATER
Water is often overlooked, but it is one of the most important nutrients. An animal can live without food longer than it can live without water. In a laying flock, a shortage of water for just a few hours can result in reduced egg production, so clean water should be available at all times. If you do not use automatic waterers, fill the drinkers twice a day. If the drinkers are filled only in the morning, birds can run out of water by midday. A laying hen drinks about 25% of her daily water intake during the last two hours of daylight.

Water plays an important role in the body of an animal. Water softens feed and carries it through the digestive tract. As a component of blood (90% of blood content), water carries nutrients from the digestive tract to cells and carries away waste products. Water also helps cool the bird through evaporation. (Birds do not have sweat glands, so their heat loss occurs in the air sacs and lungs through rapid respiration.)

A baby chick is composed of about 80% water. Even though this percentage decreases as a bird gets older, the need for water remains. There is no precise quantity requirement for water because there are several factors that affect the amount of water a bird needs: age, body condition, diet, temperature, water quality, and humidity. As a rule of thumb, poultry consume twice as much water as

[Bello Bashir]

Animals eat to acquire the energy and building materials that they need to live and grow. Animals use energy to perform normal body functions such as breathing, walking, eating, digesting, and maintaining body temperature. Nutrients provide poultry the energy and material needed for the development of bone, flesh, feathers, and eggs. Each of these compounds is important in providing poultry the nutrients they need, and a deficit of even one can have serious health consequences for poultry.

Feed has six major components:

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Minerals
• VitaminsAnimals eat to acquire the energy and building materials that they need to live and grow. Animals use energy to perform normal body functions such as breathing, walking, eating, digesting, and maintaining body temperature. Nutrients provide poultry the energy and material needed for the development of bone, flesh, feathers, and eggs. Each of these compounds is important in providing poultry the nutrients they need, and a deficit of even one can have serious health consequences for poultry.

  Feed has six major components:

  Water
  Carbohydrates
  Fats
  Proteins
  Minerals
  Vitamins

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The minerals and vitamins that are critical in practical poultry diets are as follows: Minerals :Calcium, phosphorus, sodium. copper, iodine, iron, manganese and zinc. Vitamins : Vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, pyridoxine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, BIZ and choline .

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Chemical composition. Together, protein and soybean oil content account for 56% of dry soybeans by weight (36% protein and 20% fat, table). The remainder consists of 30% carbohydrates, 9% water and 5% ash (table). Soybeans comprise approximately 8% seed coat or hull, 90% cotyledons and 2% hypocotyl axis or germ. Chemical composition. Together, protein and soybean oil content account for 56% of dry soybeans by weight (36% protein and 20% fat, table). The remainder consists of 30% carbohydrates, 9% water and 5% ash (table). Soybeans comprise approximately 8% seed coat or hull, 90% cotyledons and 2% hypocotyl axis or germ.

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Equipment comprises of the following amongst others:

• Grinder or Hammer mill.
• Conveyor.
• Mixer.
• Weighing Scale.
• Generating set.
• Motors.
• Sacks.
• Trolleys.Equipment comprises of the following amongst others:
  Grinder or Hammer mill.
  Conveyor.
  Mixer.
  Weighing Scale.
  Generating set.
  Motors.
  Sacks.
  Trolleys.

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Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is a measure of how well a flock converts feed intake (feed usage) into live weight.The conversion ratio in poultry is defined as the relationship between the amount of feed that one chicken eats, and the amount of meat that this chicken produces. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is a measure of how well a flock converts feed intake (feed usage) into live weight. The conversion ratio in poultry is defined as the relationship between the amount of feed that one chicken eats, and the amount of meat that this chicken produces.

[Bello Bashir]

Different value chain actors (producers, assemblers, collectors, wholesalers, brokers/commission agents, exporters, retailers, ECX, research centers, MFI, NGOs, input suppliers, etc.) participated in the soybean value chain that contributes to the improvement of soybean production, productivity, and marketing.Different value chain actors (producers, assemblers, collectors, wholesalers, brokers/commission agents, exporters, retailers, ECX, research centers, MFI, NGOs, input suppliers, etc.) participated in the soybean value chain that contributes to the improvement of soybean production, productivity, and marketing.